Introduction: In unsupervised learning, data clustering is essential. However, many current algorithms have issues like early convergence, inadequate local search capabilities, and trouble processing ...

Abstract: The shuffled frog leaping algorithm is easily sunk into local optimum and not enough accurate when optimizing the problem of some higher dimensional functions. In view of these shortcomings, ...

Abstract: As a recent swarm-based intelligent optimization algorithm, Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO), is motivated by the natural bio-mechanism of pigeons for their superior skills in destination ...

2- Add infeasibility check while solving. 3- Implement proper memory de-allocation. 4- Might as well substitute .txt data input with .csv data instead. Maybe even work on better data parsing since it ...

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