When you use a delay() function in an Arduino sketch, the processor stops everything it is doing until this delay is completed. That is called a blocking delay, because it blocks the processor until ...
The push button works the same as button 5: 1 press to start, 2 presses to stop. Press button 5 to reset the timer between measurements. The Doric LDFLS_450/075_520/060 requires a 12V DC power supply.